How can you tell if a stone is truly an antique cut stone or if it is a newly-cut stone in an old style? Is there something to look for that would give it away?
There is no difinitive test. It''s all about hunting for clues.
The best is the provenance of the piece. This means that you have evidence of the ownership history. A cibachrome photo of great grandma wearing it for example. There are other clues available in the metalwork that would suggest a custom made setting to exactly fit a peculiar shape in a particular style and using particular techniques. Older stones regularly have bad polish but, as I''m sure you know, a modern cutter could do a bad polish if they wanted to and a properly skilled modern goldsmith can produce a darned belivable ''antique'' if they work at it and are properly motivated. Look for a preponderance of evidence. When professionals do this it''s called an educated opinion. For everyone else it''s a wild guess.
Look for the laser girdle etching that says ''To Julia - Love Ulysses. 08-22-1848''.